Here are 5 fundamental academic sources to deepen your understanding of culture and
values.
1. Hall, E.T. (1976). Beyond Culture
The original cultural iceberg model. Hall explains how the majority of culture is
invisible - beneath the surface of our consciousness.
→ View the
book
2. Hofstede, G. - Cultural Dimensions
The most cited framework in cross-cultural psychology. Hofstede identified 6 dimensions to
compare
national cultures.
→ Hofstede
Insights
3. World Values Survey
Empirical data from more than 100 countries on human values. An essential resource for
understanding how societies evolve.
→ World Values Survey
4. Inglehart-Welzel Cultural Map
Visualizes how societies cluster along two axes: traditional vs secular values,
and survival vs self-expression.
→ View the
map
5. Bennett, M.J. - Intercultural Sensitivity Model
How individuals move from ethnocentrism to ethnorelativism - the stages of intercultural
development.
→ IDR Institute